神外前沿訊，據(jù)美國《科學(xué)新聞》網(wǎng)站（sciencenews.org）7月8日報道，經(jīng)過超過100小時的掃描，美國的研究人員，獲得了迄今為止較為詳細(xì)的整個人類大腦的三維圖像。通過強(qiáng)大的7T磁共振（MRI），新圖像的分辨率可以清晰呈現(xiàn)直徑小于0.1毫米的物體。

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掃描顯示出杏仁體等大腦構(gòu)造的生動細(xì)節(jié)，可以更深入地了解結(jié)構(gòu)的細(xì)微變化與創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙等疾病之間的關(guān)系。

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為了這項研究，波士頓麻省總醫(yī)院和其他研究人員研究了一名死于病毒性肺炎的58歲女性的大腦。她捐贈的大腦，被認(rèn)為是健康的，被保存和儲存了將近三年。

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7T功能強(qiáng)大、掃描時間長以及大腦處于高度靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，這些因素導(dǎo)致生成的圖像分辨率極高。

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研究人員試圖找出與昏迷等病癥和抑郁癥等精神疾病有關(guān)的難以發(fā)現(xiàn)的大腦異常之處，而這些詳細(xì)的大腦圖像可為他們提供線索。這些圖像“有可能增進(jìn)對健康和患病人腦的結(jié)構(gòu)的了解”。
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A device recently approved by the U.S. FDA made extremely precise images of a postmortem sample

Over 100 hours of scanning has yielded a 3-D picture of the whole human brain that’s more detailed than ever before. The?new view, enabled by a powerful MRI, has the resolution potentially to spot objects that are smaller than 0.1 millimeters wide.

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“We haven’t seen an entire brain like this,” says electrical engineer Priti Balchandani of the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai in New York City, who was not involved in the study. “It’s definitely unprecedented.”

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The scan shows brain structures such as the amygdala in vivid detail, a picture that might lead to a deeper understanding of how subtle changes in anatomy could relate to disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder.? ?

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To get this new look, researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital in Boston and elsewhere studied a brain from a 58-year-old woman who died of viral pneumonia. Her donated brain, presumed to be healthy, was preserved and stored for nearly three years.

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Before the scan began, researchers built a custom spheroid case of urethane that held the brain still and allowed interfering air bubbles to escape. Sturdily encased, the brain then went into a powerful MRI machine called a 7 Tesla, or 7T, and stayed there for almost five days of scanning.

The strength of the 7T, the length of the scanning time and the fact that the brain was perfectly still led to the high-resolution images, which are described May 31 at bioRxiv.org. Associated videos of the brain, as well as the underlying dataset, are?publicly available.

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Researchers can’t get the same kind of resolution on brains of living people. For starters, people couldn’t tolerate a 100-hour scan. And even tiny movements, such as those that come from breathing and blood flow, would blur the images.

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But pushing the technology further in postmortem samples “gives us an idea of what’s possible,” Balchandani says. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first 7T scanner for clinical imaging in 2017, and large medical centers are increasingly using them to diagnose and study illnesses.

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These detailed brain images could hold clues for researchers trying to pinpoint hard-to-see brain abnormalities involved in disorders such as comas and psychiatric conditions such as depression. The images “have the potential to advance understanding of human brain anatomy in health and disease,” the authors write.

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